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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izvkgtu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия КГТУ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>KSTU News</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1997-3071</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Калининградский государственный технический университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46845/1997-3071-2024-75-55-64</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izvkgtu-115</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕХНИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ПИЩЕВЫХ ПРОИЗВОДСТВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGY OF FOOD MANUFACTURING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ферментативная экстракция жира из голов салаки с использованием протосубтилина Г3х</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Enzymatic extraction of oil from Baltic herring heads using protosubtilin G3x</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5406-0701</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Винокур</surname><given-names>М. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinokur</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Леонидович Винокур – кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры технологии продуктов питания, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории стандартизации и нормирования</p><p>Калининград</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail L. Vinokur – PhD in Engineering, Associate Professor of the Department of Food Products Technology, Head researcher of the laboratory of standardization and regulation</p><p>Kaliningrad</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vinokur@atlant.vniro.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6161-9099</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андрюхин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andryukhin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анатолий Владимирович Андрюхин – кандидат технических наук, заведующий лабораторией стандартизации и нормирования</p><p>Калининград</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoliy V. Andryukhin – PhD in Engineering, Head of the laboratory of standardization and regulation</p><p>Kaliningrad</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andryukhin@atlant.vniro.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозов</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozov</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Илья Олегович Морозов – кандидат технических наук, ведущий инженер лаборатории стандартизации и нормирования</p><p>Калининград</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Il’ya O. Morozov – PhD in Engineering, Leading engineer of the laboratory of standardization and regulation</p><p>Kaliningrad</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Атлантический филиал Всероссийского научно-исследовательского института рыбного хозяйства и океанографии («АтлантНИРО»); Калининградский государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Atlantic branch of Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography («AtlantNIRO»); Kaliningrad State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Атлантический филиал Всероссийского научно-исследовательского института рыбного хозяйства и океанографии («АтлантНИРО»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Atlantic branch of Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography («AtlantNIRO»)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>75</issue><fpage>55</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Винокур М.Л., Андрюхин А.В., Морозов И.О., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Винокур М.Л., Андрюхин А.В., Морозов И.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vinokur M.L., Andryukhin A.V., Morozov I.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.klgtu.ru/jour/article/view/115">https://journal.klgtu.ru/jour/article/view/115</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена проблеме рационального и комплексного использования рыбного сырья, в частности голов балтийской сельди (салаки), а именно получению биологически ценного жира. Цель исследования – обоснование рациональных режимов ферментативной экстракции жира пищевого назначения из голов салаки с применением отечественного фермента протосубтилина Г3х. Показана зависимость выхода жира и показателей его качества от таких факторов, как температура и продолжительность ферментативной обработки. Оба фактора оказывали статистически значимое влияние на количество извлекаемого жира и показатели его порчи (кислотное и перекисное числа). После 180 мин гидролиза выход жира, независимо от температуры процесса, значительно не увеличивался. Наибольший выход при использовании протосубтилина Г3х (74,2 %) отмечался после 4 ч гидролиза при 50 °С, чуть меньший (72,3 %) – после 3 ч при той же температуре. При повышении температуры до 60 °С процесс интенсифицировался на начальном этапе, однако после 120 мин гидролиза дальнейшее снижение выхода жира не зафиксировано. Приведены результаты исследований по влиянию тонкости помола рыбного сырья на выход жира при рациональном режиме процесса ферментативного гидролиза – температуре 50 °С и продолжительности 180 мин. Выход жира составил 79,6 и 62,4 % от его начального содержания для голов салаки, измельченных на волчке и в гомогенизаторе. В результате исследований установлены следующие рациональные параметры ферментативной экстракции жира с применением протосубтилина Г3х: температура – 50 °С, продолжительность – 3 ч. Показано, что измельчение рыбных голов на волчке перед экстракцией является наиболее рациональным способом в сравнении с нарезкой на куски или обработкой на куттере.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the problem of rational and comprehensive use of fish raw materials, in particular, Baltic herring heads (sprat), and namely, obtaining biologically valuable oil. The purpose of the study is to substantiate rational modes of enzymatic extraction of food-grade oil from Baltic herring heads using the domestic enzyme protosubtilin G3x. The paper shows the dependence of the oil yield and its quality indicators on such factors as temperature and duration of enzymatic treatment. Both factors had a statistically significant effect on the amount of extracted fat and its spoilage indicators (acid and peroxide values). After 180 minutes of hydrolysis, the fat yield did not increase significantly regardless of the process temperature. The highest fat yield when using protosubtilin G3x (74.2%) was noted after 4 hours of hydrolysis at 50 °C, slightly less (72.3%) after 3 hours at the same temperature. By increasing the temperature to 60 °C, the process was intensified at the initial stage, but after 120 minutes of hydrolysis, no further decrease in the oil yield was recorded. The article presents the results of studies on the effect of the fineness of grinding of fish raw materials under a rational mode of the enzymatic hydrolysis process: temperature - 50 °C; duration – 180 min. The oil yield was 79.6% and 62.4% of its initial content for Baltic herring heads, ground, respectively, in a grinder and in a homogenizer. As a result of the studies, the following rational parameters for enzymatic extraction of fat using protosubtilin G3x have been established: temperature – 50 °C; duration – 3 hours. It has been shown that grinding fish heads in a grinder before extraction is the most rational method in comparison with cutting into pieces or processing in a cutter.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гидролиз</kwd><kwd>рыбный жир</kwd><kwd>протосубтилин Г3х</kwd><kwd>тонкость измельчения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hydrolysis</kwd><kwd>fish oil</kwd><kwd>protosubtilin G3x</kwd><kwd>fineness of grinding</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Fish Oil from Whole Fish and by-Products of Baltic Herring (Clupea harengus membras) / Aitta E. et al. // Foods. 2021, V. 147. N 8. P. 1811.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aitta E. et al. Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Fish Oil from Whole Fish and by-Products of Baltic Herring (Clupea harengus membras). Foods. 2021, V. 147. N 8. 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