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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izvkgtu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия КГТУ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>KSTU News</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1997-3071</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Калининградский государственный технический университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46845/1997-3071-2026-81-71-85</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izvkgtu-207</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕХНИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ПИЩЕВЫХ ПРОИЗВОДСТВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGY OF FOOD MANUFACTURING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Совершенствование технологии ферментативной переработки фруктов с дефектами внешнего вида</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Improvement of the technology for enzymatic processing of fruits with visual defects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1547-5772</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карлов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karlov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вадим Александрович Карлов - магистрант 1-го курса кафедры пищевой биотехнологии</p><p>Калининград</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim А. Karlov - 1st year Master degree student of the Department of Food Biotechnology</p><p>Kaliningrad</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vaden1410@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4716-2571</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мезенова</surname><given-names>О. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mezenova</surname><given-names>O. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Яковлевна Мезенова - доктор технических наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой пищевой биотехнологии</p><p>Калининград</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ol'ga Ya. Mezenova - DSc in Engineering, Professor, Head of the Department of Food Biotechnology</p><p>Kaliningrad</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mezenova@klgtu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Калининградский государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kaliningrad State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>81</issue><fpage>71</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Карлов В.А., Мезенова О.Я., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карлов В.А., Мезенова О.Я.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karlov V.A., Mezenova O.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.klgtu.ru/jour/article/view/207">https://journal.klgtu.ru/jour/article/view/207</self-uri><abstract><p>Высокое содержание свободной влаги и активных ферментов в свежей плодоовощной продукции обуславливает ее скоропортящийся характер и значительные потери при хранении и транспортировке, достигающие в Калининградской области 56 тыс. т ежегодно. Особые потери составляют фрукты с дефектами внешнего вида, которые, сохраняя свою высокую биологическую ценность, подвергаются утилизации. Это определяет актуальность разработки эффективных технологий их переработки. В работе представлены исследования по совершенствованию технологии получения функциональной пищевой добавки «ВИТУМИН» из фруктов пониженного качества путем интенсификации процесса биоконверсии сырья на основе двухэтапного ферментолиза. Обоснован состав ферментного комплекса карбогидраз с учетом полисахаридного состава исходных фруктов (яблок, бананов, апельсинов): первый этап включает обработку целлюлазой и пектиназой для деструкции клеточных стенок и высвобождения БАВ, второй – использование β-глюконазы, глюкаваморина, альфалада БТ для гидролиза высвободившихся полисахаридов. Методом математического моделирования определены оптимальные значения факторов первого этапа: температура 49 °C, pH 3,8, продолжительность 2 ч. Экспериментально подтверждена эффективность разработанной схемы: выход жидкой фракции увеличился на 62,3 %, содержание сухих веществ – на 15,7 %, выход целевой добавки возрос на 7,9 % по сравнению с одностадийной обработкой. Данные ИК-спектроскопии подтвердили глубокую деградацию целлюлозно-пектинового комплекса. Полученная добавка характеризуется высоким содержанием витаминов С (66,5 мг/100 г) и Р (122,5 мг/100 г), соответствует требованиям микробиологической безопасности ТР ТС 021/2011 и рекомендуется к использованию для обогащения традиционных, функциональных и специализированных пищевых продуктов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>High content of free moisture and active enzymes in fresh fruits and vegetables determines their perishable nature and leads to significant losses during storage and transportation, reaching 56 thousand tons annually in the Kaliningrad region. Fruits with visual defects constitute a particular portion of these losses, as they are discarded despite retaining high biological value. This underscores the relevance of developing efficient technologies for their processing. This paper presents research on improving the technology for producing the functional food additive "VITUMIN" from lowgrade fruits by intensifying the bioconversion of raw materials through two-stage enzymolysis. The composition of the carbohydrase enzyme complex has been substantiated based on the polysaccharide profile of the source fruits (apples, bananas, oranges). The first stage involves treatment with cellulase and pectinase to disrupt cell walls and release biologically active substances (BAS); the second stage utilizes β-glucanase, Glucavamorin, and Alphalad BT to hydrolyze the released polysaccharides. Using mathematical modeling, we determined the optimal values for the first-stage factors: temperature 49°C, pH 3.8, and duration of 2 hours. The effectiveness of the developed scheme has been experimentally confirmed: the liquid fraction yield increased by 62.3%, the dry matter content by 15.7%, and the yield of the target additive increased by 7.9% compared to single-stage processing. IR spectroscopy data confirmed the profound degradation of the cellulose-pectin complex. The resulting additive is characterized by a high content of vitamins C (66.5 mg/100 g) and P (122.5 mg/100 g), meets the microbiological safety requirements of TR CU 021/2011, and is recommended for use in enriching traditional, functional, and specialized food products.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фрукты пониженного качества</kwd><kwd>ферментолиз</kwd><kwd>карбоксигидразы</kwd><kwd>функциональная пищевая добавка</kwd><kwd>пищевая ценность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>low-grade fruits</kwd><kwd>enzymatic hydrolysis</kwd><kwd>carbohydrase enzymes</kwd><kwd>functional food ingredient</kwd><kwd>biological value</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы выражают благодарность доценту кафедры химии Калининградского государственного технического университета, кандидату химических наук Булычеву Александру Григорьевичу за помощь в проведении аналитических исследований.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors express their gratitude to Alexander G. Bulychev, PhD in Chemistry, Associate Professor at the Department of Chemistry (Kaliningrad State Technical University), for his assistance with the analytical research.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Healthy diet. – Текст: электронный // World Health Organization (WHO): сайт. – URL: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet (дата обращения: 18.11.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Healthy diet. – Text: electronic // World Health Organization (WHO): site. – URL: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet (date of treatment: 18.11.2025).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рациональные нормы потребления пищевых продуктов. – Текст: электронный // Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации: сайт. – URL: https://minzdrav.gov.ru/opendata/7707778246-normpotrebproduct/visual (дата обращения: 18.11.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rational norms of food product consumption. – Text: electronic // Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation: site. – URL: https://minzdrav.gov.ru/opendata/7707778246-normpotrebproduct/visual (date of treatment: 18.11.2025).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Influence of moisture content and temperature interaction on mechanical properties of DESMA (Novella pentadesma) SEED / O. 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