Integrated approach in monitoring aquatic ecosystems near municipal solid waste landfills

A full–fledged monitoring of aquatic ecosystems (including control of all components: water, sediments and aquatic organisms) plays an important role in the assessment of the ecological situation. The developed and proposed monitoring is a universal tool for assessing the anthropogenic impact on all components of aquatic ecosystems located in the zones of influence of landfills. The list of parameters and substances determined during monitoring is given, based on obtaining complete and reliable information, as well as optimizing the study. The obtained results of the monitoring form knowledge about the features of accumulation of pollutants, which are part of the leachate, in aquatic ecosystems. The most suitable indices for calculating pollution and deter- mining the degree of trophic waters have been determined. Accumulation of pollutants in aquatic ecosystems occurs mainly in sediments and tissues of aquatic organisms, this is due to the mechanism of self-purification and processes occurring inside reservoirs. Organic substances are oxidized due to oxygen dissolved in water, some of the pollutants are trapped by hydrobiont filters, and further accumulation proceeds according to the food chain. The remaining part of the pollutants is deposited at the bottom, where it accumuates in the bottom sediments. The proximity of landfill sites and grounds to water bodies, as well as the design and operation of landfills without taking into account antifiltration environmental shields, is a significant factor for the man–made transformation of the natural environment.

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