A full–fledged monitoring of aquatic ecosystems (including control of all components: water, sediments and aquatic organisms) plays an important role in the assessment of the ecological situation. The developed and proposed monitoring is a universal tool for assessing the anthropogenic impact on all components of aquatic ecosystems located in the zones of influence of landfills. The list of parameters and substances determined during monitoring is given, based on obtaining complete and reliable information, as well as optimizing the study. The obtained results of the monitoring form knowledge about the features of accumulation of pollutants, which are part of the leachate, in aquatic ecosystems. The most suitable indices for calculating pollution and deter- mining the degree of trophic waters have been determined. Accumulation of pollutants in aquatic ecosystems occurs mainly in sediments and tissues of aquatic organisms, this is due to the mechanism of self-purification and processes occurring inside reservoirs. Organic substances are oxidized due to oxygen dissolved in water, some of the pollutants are trapped by hydrobiont filters, and further accumulation proceeds according to the food chain. The remaining part of the pollutants is deposited at the bottom, where it accumuates in the bottom sediments. The proximity of landfill sites and grounds to water bodies, as well as the design and operation of landfills without taking into account antifiltration environmental shields, is a significant factor for the man–made transformation of the natural environment.

The article presents the features of sex and size composition, morphology of the crabs Rhithropanopeus harrisii from Taman Bay collected in July 2021. In the sample, males outnumbered females fourfold; juveniles were not encountered. Sizes: the carapace width of males was 7.3–21.4 mm (on average 14.4±2.5 mm), the carapace length was 5.5–15.9 mm (on average 11.0±1.8 mm); the carapace width of females was 8.6– 15.9 mm (on average 10.8±1.7 mm), the carapace length was 6.7–12.1 mm (on average 8.3±1.3 mm). Among males, individuals with a carapace width of 13–15 mm (46 % share) and a carapace length of 10–11 mm (48 %) were dominant, while among females, those with a carapace width of 10–11 mm (45 % share) and a carapace length of 7–9 mm (77 % share) were dominant. A morphometric analysis of 18 plastic characters of six elements of the crab's exoskeleton revealed a number of features of sexual dimorphism in the species of the Gulf: the sizes of most plastic characters of carapace, abdomen, merus of pereiopods 2 and 3 and of the right and left claws were 12–49 % smaller in females than in males (the exception was the fourth abdominal segment, which was 45 % wider in females). Similarities for crabs of both sexes were also noted: their right claw was significantly larger than the left claw, reflecting the functional specialization of the claws. A comparative analysis with morphometric data for R. harrisii of that Bay from a decade ago suggested a relatively stable dimensional structure and exoskeleton morphology in Harris crab specimens from Taman Bay settlements.

The article presents a mathematical model for assessing the influence of mesh cell orientation relative to the fluid flow in axisymmetric mesh engineering structures under hydrodynamic backpressure conditions on the shape and loads in the structure, using the example of a trawl codend with a catch. The novelty of the approach lies in simplifying the problem by reducing the three-dimensional issue to calculations in a two-dimensional coordinate system. This significantly reduces the computational complexity, speeds up the modeling process, and allows for faster result acquisition. The authors conducted numerical simulations using a developed computer program, the results of which were compared with data from a full-scale experiment in a towing tank. The experiment showed that with the mesh shape oriented at a 90-degree angle to the flow (T90), the minimum diameter of the trawl codend increases to 29.0 mm, compared to 21.6 mm at T0. This shape change improves selectivity and enhances catch quality by minimizing damage. The consistency of the simulation results with real experiments confirms the reliability of the approach. The model accounts for key factors: hydrodynamic drag forces acting on the net; stiffness characteristics of the ropes, described by Hooke's law (elastic deformation); and the external impact of the catch, modeled as a hemisphere with a uniform pressure. This provides a realistic representation of net deformation during trawl towing, simulating real fishing conditions. The calculations use equations describing the geometry of the structure, force distribution, and volumes, which are solved using the Levenberg-Marquardt method. Applications include scientific research, educational processes, design and operation of fishing trawls, and virtual reality systems.

The rise in greenhouse gas emissions and the depletion of fossil fuel reserves threaten sustainable development and public health. In this context, microalgae are receiving increasing attention owing to their high productivity and broad biotechnological potential. Species of the genus Scenedesmus are considered promising raw materials for biodiesel production as well as for obtaining natural pigments with diverse biological activities. This study examines the effect of nutrient medium composition on the growth, pigment accumulation, and fatty acid profile of the microalga Scenedesmus rubescens D-292. The microalga has been cultivated in Gromov’s medium with varying concentrations of KNO₃ (0.1, 1.0, and 10 g L-1), K₂HPO₄×3H₂O (0 and 0.262 g L-1), MgSO₄×7H₂O и NaHCO₃ (0, 0.2, and 2.0 g L-1). The highest growth rate, pigment content (10 mg g-1 dry biomass) and proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (65% of total fatty acids) has been observed under sulfur-rich conditions (2.0 g L-1 MgSO₄×7H₂O) combined with nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon limitation. The highest fatty acid yield (229.9 mg g-1 dry biomass) has been obtained under carbon-rich conditions (2.0 g L-1 NaHCO₃) with limited availability of other macronutrients. The lipid profile of the strain has been dominated by palmitic (14.4–17.5 %), oleic (13.8–29.1 %), linoleic (10.1–13.8 %), and α-linolenic (19.7–36.7 %) acids. Although the strain exhibits limited potential for biodiesel production, it demonstrates potential as a source of natural pigments and lipids rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly α-linolenic acid (up to 37% of total fatty acids).

The study involved the use of juice-containing collagen hydrate (jelly) obtained from pike-perch (Sander lucioperca) skin as an ingredient in confectionery recipes, such as energy oatmeal balls and granola cookies. Juice-containing collagen fish jelly was prepared according to the developed technology, where fish skin, cleared of scales and meat cuts, was washed and loaded into a container together with dry table salt (5-10% of the total mass of fish raw materials) and finely crushed ice (up to 25 %) to prevent heating of the resulting mixture during its subsequent mechanical tenderization, due to the rotating blades of a chopping knife for 3-5 minutes. The resulting mixture was washed with water to remove salt, the washed skin was loaded into a glass container along with directly squeezed apple juice, taken in a weight ratio of (1:4,5), respectively, the container was closed with a screw cap, and placed in a refrigerator (4±2 ºС) for aging for 20–24 hours. Then the swollen fish skin was homogenized using an immersion blender to a homogeneous mass, which was packaged, frozen (–18 ºС) and stored until further use. The nutritional and energy value of fish collagen jelly was determined, consisting of: water – 87,4±0,7 %; fat – 1,0±0,7 %; protein – 4,28±0,28 %; ash – 0,28±0,01 %; carbohydrates – 7,0±1,7 % and containing 75,75 kcal. Recipes were developed and pilot samples of oatmeal balls and muesli cookies without heat treatment with juice-containing fish collagen jelly were obtained. A positive assessment was given to the developed pilot samples of confectionery products with a functional focus and acceptable organoleptic quality indicators.

This paper presents a study of the quality of experimental gluten-free biscuits using the most popular methods of sensory (taste panel) analysis: a scoring method, a profile method, and a preference test. Based on the data from the question-naires, significance coefficients for the organoleptic quality indicators of biscuit have been established. The quality of the experimental gluten-free "Osenniy tsvetok" biscuit is good, with favorable color, taste and smell characteristics, as evidenced by the highest overall score for all indicators (65.3 points). Moreover, the control shortbread biscuit has defects in shape and surface, and the production sample receives low marks for color, taste and smell. The taste and smell profiles of the shortbread and gluten-free biscuit samples have been studied. Based on the evaluation results, characteristic pumpkin (3.6 p.) and carrot (2.8 p.) flavors have been identified in the "Osenniy tsvetok" biscuit, suppressing the intensity of the "short" taste descriptors – sweet (3.3 p.), vanilla (2.0 p.) and milky (1.9 p.) flavors. The expression of shades of sweet (4.6 p.), creamy (4.0 p.), vanilla (3.4 p.), and milky (3.7 p.) taste and smell in the profile of shortbread biscuit is considered the standard of "short" taste. In the profile of the experimental biscuit, low-intensity foreign tastes and odors have been noted (salty, bitter and other tastes - no more than 1.7 p.), which may be a consequence of the introduction of vegetable powders and lupine flour into the recipe. Using the preference method, the "Osenniy tsvetok" biscuit has been selected as the best gluten-free biscuit among the samples submitted for the analysis. However, the authors consider the low sweetness of the experimental biscuit to be a drawback and a sign that further refinement of the recipe is necessary.

This article presents the results of the development and laboratory testing of a prototype device designed to quickly detect anomalies in the operation of speed measurement channels in marine internal combustion engines. The proposed prototype implements a comprehensive diagnostic approach based on the simultaneous use of two independent monitoring methods. The first method involves analyzing the temporal characteristics of a discrete signal generated by an inductive speed sensor: measuring the pulse duration and periodicity, which enables the detection of faults such as open circuits, stuck or missing pulses, and degradation of the sensor's magnetic system. The second method is based on continuous monitoring of the standard 4–20 mA analog current signal used in most industrial automation systems. Evaluating its static and dynamic characteristics enables the diagnosis of faults related to converter degradation, power supply instability, or transmission line integrity issues. The device is based on a microcontroller. The practical significance of this development lies in its ability to significantly reduce the time it takes to localize and troubleshoot faults in RPM data and measurement channels by automatically recognizing anomalies without the need for additional diagnostic tools. Furthermore, the device improves the overall operational stability of the ship's power plant by integrating diagnostic information into the control system. Specifically, the obtained data can be used to block false alarms of protective functions caused by measurement channel degradation, thereby preventing unnecessary transitions of the ship's power plant to emergency modes and reducing the risk of unscheduled shutdowns. Thus, the proposed solution contributes to the increased operational reliability and safety of shipboard technical equipment.

The article presents a mathematical and simulation model for modeling the hydrodynamics of axisymmetric mesh structures such as a trawl codend using the vortex–current function method. The novelty of the research is to reduce the problem to calculation in a two-dimensional coordinate system, which will reduce the complexity of calculations and speed up the process of obtaining a result. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are described. Systems of partial differential equations, as well as finite difference schemes and methods for their solution are presented. The initial and boundary conditions are indicated. Algorithms for solving the Navier-Stokes and Poisson equations for a heterogeneous computing system are proposed. An implicit finite-difference scheme and a solution by splitting methods to obtain tridiagonal systems of linear equations are considered. Their solution by the run-through method is shown. The result of numerical simulation using the ω–ψ method on the developed computer program is presented. The obtained results are compared with the results of numerical modeling based on heuristic dependencies. It is shown that the results of numerical simulation are consistent with the data of a field experiment in a hydraulic channel. Scope of application: scientific research, educational process, design and operation of fishing trawls, virtual reality systems.